字典(dictionary)是除列表以外python之中最灵活的内置数据结构类型。列表是有序的对象结合，字典是无序的对象集合。
两者之间的区别在于：字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的，而不是通过偏移存取。
字典用{ }标识。字典由索引(key)和它对应的值value组成。
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-dict = {}dict['one'] = this is onedict[2] = this is twotinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}print dict['one'] # 输出键为'one' 的值print dict[2] # 输出键为 2 的值print tinydict # 输出完整的字典print tinydict.keys() # 输出所有键print tinydict.values() # 输出所有值
输出结果为：
this is one this is two {'dept': 'sales', 'code': 6734, 'name': 'john'} ['dept', 'code', 'name'] ['sales', 6734, 'john']
python成员运算符
除了以上的一些运算符之外，python还支持成员运算符，测试实例中包含了一系列的成员，包括字符串，列表或元组。
以下实例演示了python所有成员运算符的操作：
#!/usr/bin/pythona = 10b = 20list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];if ( a in list ): print line 1 - a is available in the given listelse: print line 1 - a is not available in the given listif ( b not in list ): print line 2 - b is not available in the given listelse: print line 2 - b is available in the given lista = 2if ( a in list ): print line 3 - a is available in the given listelse: print line 3 - a is not available in the given list
以上实例输出结果：
line 1 - a is not available in the given listline 2 - b is not available in the given listline 3 - a is available in the given list