2021西安暑假初中英语辅导班被动语态
被动语态
一、语态分类
英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
二、被动语态谓语部分构成
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
三、被动语态的各种时态
一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：
1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is/ are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态:
(1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词
(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
四、含有情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositions(作文)afterclass.
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.
五、不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
一些不及物动词短语也没有被动语如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。
Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
六、感官动词作系动词用,无被动语态
The cake smells nice.
主动语态改被动语态的方法
一、三步骤：
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的“be+过去分词”结构;时态要与原句保持一致。
3.将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。
二、含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：
1. 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位;
He gave the boy anapple.
→The boy was givenan apple.
2. 把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。
He gave the boy anapple.
→An apple wasgiven to the boy.
Her father bought hera present.
→ A present wasbought for her by her father.
(注：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。
下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：
build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。)
三、带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
We call him Xiao Wang.
→He is called XiaoWang.
He cut his hair short.
→His hair was cutshort.
They told him to helpme.
四、在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
They watched thechildren sing that morning.
→The children werewatched to sing that morning
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