最近要获取服务器各种参数，包括cpu、内存、磁盘、型号等信息。试用了hyperic hq、nagios和snmp，它们功能都挺强大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。
于是乎想到用python执行shell获取这些信息，python执行shell脚本有以下三种方法：
1. os.system()
代码如下:
os.system('ls')
#返回结果0或者1，不能得到命令的输出
2. os.popen()
代码如下:
output = os.popen('ls')
print output.read()
#打印出的是命令输出，但是得不到执行的返回值
3. commands.getstatusoutput()
代码如下:
(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
print status, output
#打印出返回值和命令输出
可以根据需要选取其中一种方法，以下是python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql，并定期更新的程序：
代码如下:
'''
created on dec 10, 2014
@author: liufei
'''
#coding=utf-8
import time, sched, os, string
from datetime import datetime
import mysqldb
s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)
def event_func():
try:
#主机名
name = os.popen( hostname ).read()
#cpu数目
cpu_num = os.popen( cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l ).read()
#内存大小
mem = os.popen( free | grep mem | awk '{print $2}' ).read()
#机器品牌
brand = os.popen( dmidecode | grep 'vendor' | head -1 | awk -f: '{print $2}' ).read()
#型号
model = os.popen( dmidecode | grep 'product name' | head -1 | awk -f: '{print $2}' ).read()
#磁盘大小
storage = os.popen( fdisk -l | grep 'disk /dev/sd' | awk 'begin{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}end{print sum}' ).read()
#mac地址
mac = os.popen( ifconfig -a | grep hwaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' ).read()
name = name.replace(\n,).lstrip()
cpu_num = cpu_num.replace(\n,).lstrip()
memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace(\n,).lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)
brand = brand.replace(\n,).lstrip()
model = model.replace(\n,).lstrip()
storage_gb = storage.replace(\n,).lstrip()
mac = mac.replace(\n,).lstrip()
print name
print cpu_num
print memory_gb
print storage_gb
print brand
print model
print mac
conn=mysqldb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='username',passwd='password',db='dbname',port=3306)
cur=conn.cursor()
cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)
data = cur.fetchone()
if data is none:
value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]
cur.execute(insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s),value)
else:
value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]
cur.execute(update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s,value1)
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
except mysqldb.error,e:
print mysql error %d: %s % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
def perform(inc):
s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))
event_func()
def mymain(inc=10):
s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))
s.run()
if __name__ == __main__:
mymain()
希望本文所述对大家的python程序设计有所帮助。