beginpath()——开始一条新路径;
closepath()——尝试闭合现有路径,方法是绘制一条线,连接最后那条线的终点与初始坐标;
fill()——填充用子路径描述的图形;
ispointinpath(x,y)——如果指定的点在当前路径所描述的图形之内则返回true;
lineto(x,y)——绘制一条到指定坐标的子路径;
moveto(x,y)——移动到指定坐标而不绘制子路径;
rect(x,y,w,h)——绘制一个矩形,其左上角位于(x,y),宽度是w,高度是h;
stroke()——给子路径描述的图形绘制轮廓线;
<style type="text/css"> canvas{ border:thin solid black; margin: 4px; } body > *{ float: left; } </style>
<canvas id="canvas1" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //由直线创建路径 var ctx=document.getelementbyid("canvas1").getcontext("2d"); ctx.fillstyle="#136455"; ctx.strokestyle="blue"; ctx.linewidth=4; ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(10,10); ctx.lineto(110,10); ctx.lineto(110,120); ctx.closepath(); ctx.fill(); ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(150,10); ctx.lineto(200,10); ctx.lineto(200,120); ctx.lineto(190,120); ctx.fill(); ctx.stroke(); ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(250,10); ctx.lineto(250,120); ctx.stroke(); </script>
linecap——在绘制线条或闭合图形时设置线条末端的样式;
<canvas id="canvas2" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //设置linecap属性 var ctx2=document.getelementbyid("canvas2").getcontext("2d"); ctx2.strokestyle="red"; ctx2.linewidth=2; ctx2.beginpath(); ctx2.moveto(0,50); ctx2.lineto(200,50); ctx2.stroke(); ctx2.strokestyle="black"; ctx2.linewidth=40; var xpos=50; var styles=["butt","round","square"]; for(var i=0;i<styles.length;i++){ ctx2.beginpath(); ctx2.linecap=styles[i]; ctx2.moveto(xpos,50); ctx2.lineto(xpos,150); ctx2.stroke(); xpos+=50; } </script>
<canvas id="canvas3" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //用rect方法绘制矩形 var ctx3=document.getelementbyid("canvas3").getcontext("2d"); ctx3.fillstyle="yellow"; ctx3.strokestyle="black"; ctx3.linewidth=4; ctx3.beginpath(); ctx3.moveto(110,10); ctx3.lineto(110,100); ctx3.lineto(10,10); ctx3.closepath(); ctx3.rect(110,10,100,90); ctx3.rect(110,100,130,30); ctx3.fill(); ctx3.stroke(); </script>
2)绘制圆弧:
arc(x,y,rad,startangle,endangle,direction)——绘制一段圆弧到(x,y),半径为rad,起始角度为 startangle,结束角度为endangle。可选参数direction指定了圆弧的方向;
arcto(x1,y1,x2,y2,rad)——绘制一段半径为rad,经过(x1,y1),直到(x2,y2)的圆弧;
<canvas id="canvas4" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //使用arcto方法 var ctx4=document.getelementbyid("canvas4").getcontext("2d"); var point1=[100,10]; var point2=[200,10]; var point3=[200,110]; ctx4.fillstyle="yellow"; ctx4.strokestyle="black"; ctx4.linewidth=4; ctx4.beginpath(); ctx4.moveto(point1[0],point1[1]); ctx4.arcto(point2[0],point2[1],point3[0],point3[1],100); ctx4.stroke(); drawpoint(point1[0],point1[1]); drawpoint(point2[0],point2[1]); drawpoint(point3[0],point3[1]); ctx4.beginpath(); ctx4.moveto(point1[0],point1[1]); ctx4.lineto(point2[0],point2[1]); ctx4.lineto(point3[0],point3[1]); ctx4.stroke(); function drawpoint(x,y){ ctx4.linewidth=1; ctx4.strokestyle="red"; ctx4.strokerect(x-2,y-2,4,4); } </script>
<canvas id="canvas5" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //响应鼠标移动绘制圆弧 var canvaselem = document.getelementbyid("canvas5"); var ctx5 = canvaselem.getcontext("2d"); var point1 = [100, 10]; var point2 = [200, 10]; var point3 = [200, 110]; draw(); canvaselem.onmousemove = function (e) { if (e.ctrlkey) { point1 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } else if(e.shiftkey) { point2 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } else { point3 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } ctx5.clearrect(0, 0, 540, 140); draw(); } function draw() { ctx5.fillstyle = "yellow"; ctx5.strokestyle = "black"; ctx5.linewidth = 4; ctx5.beginpath(); ctx5.moveto(point1[0], point1[1]); ctx5.arcto(point2[0], point2[1], point3[0], point3[1], 50); ctx5.stroke(); drawpoint(point1[0], point1[1]); drawpoint(point2[0], point2[1]); drawpoint(point3[0], point3[1]); ctx5.beginpath(); ctx5.moveto(point1[0], point1[1]); ctx5.lineto(point2[0], point2[1]); ctx5.lineto(point3[0], point3[1]); ctx5.stroke(); } function drawpoint(x, y) { ctx5.linewidth = 1; ctx5.strokestyle = "red"; ctx5.strokerect(x -2, y-2, 4, 4); } </script>
<canvas id="canvas6" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //使用arc方法 var ctx6=document.getelementbyid("canvas6").getcontext("2d"); ctx6.fillstyle="yellow"; ctx6.linewidth=3; ctx6.beginpath(); ctx6.arc(70,70,60,0,math.pi,true); ctx6.stroke(); ctx6.beginpath(); ctx6.arc(200,70,60,math.pi/2,math.pi/4,false); ctx6.fill(); ctx6.stroke(); ctx6.beginpath(); var val=0; for(var i=0;i<4;i++){ ctx6.arc(350,70,60,val,val+math.pi/4,false); val+=math.pi/2; } ctx6.closepath(); ctx6.fill(); ctx6.stroke(); </script>
3)绘制贝塞尔曲线
beziercurveto(cx1,cy1,cx2,cy2,x,y)——绘制一段贝塞尔曲线到点(x,y),控制点为(cx1,cy1)和(cx2,cy2);
quadraticcurveto(cx,xy,x,y)——绘制一段二次贝塞尔曲线到点(x,y),控制点为(cx,cy);
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="140"> your browser doesn't support the <code>canvas</code> element </canvas>
<script> var canvaselem = document.getelementbyid("canvas"); var ctx = canvaselem.getcontext("2d"); var startpoint = [50, 100]; var endpoint = [400, 100]; var cp1 = [250, 50]; var cp2 = [350, 50]; canvaselem.onmousemove = function(e) { if (e.shiftkey) { cp1 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } else if (e.ctrlkey) { cp2 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } ctx.clearrect(0, 0, 500, 140); draw(); } draw(); function draw() { ctx.linewidth = 3; ctx.strokestyle = "black"; ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(startpoint[0], startpoint[1]); ctx.beziercurveto(cp1[0], cp1[1], cp2[0], cp2[1], endpoint[0], endpoint[1]); ctx.stroke(); ctx.linewidth = 1; ctx.strokestyle = "red"; var points = [startpoint, endpoint, cp1, cp2]; for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) { drawpoint(points[i]); } drawline(startpoint, cp1); drawline(endpoint, cp2); } function drawpoint(point) { ctx.beginpath(); ctx.strokerect(point[0] -2, point[1] -2, 4, 4); } function drawline(from, to) { ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(from[0], from[1]); ctx.lineto(to[0], to[1]); ctx.stroke(); } </script>
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="140"> your browser doesn't support the <code>canvas</code> element </canvas>
<script> //绘制二次贝塞尔曲线 var canvaselem = document.getelementbyid("canvas"); var ctx = canvaselem.getcontext("2d"); var startpoint = [50, 100]; var endpoint = [400, 100]; var cp1 = [250, 50]; canvaselem.onmousemove = function(e) { if (e.shiftkey) { cp1 = [e.clientx, e.clienty]; } ctx.clearrect(0, 0, 500, 140); draw(); } draw(); function draw() { ctx.linewidth = 3; ctx.strokestyle = "black"; ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(startpoint[0], startpoint[1]); ctx.quadraticcurveto(cp1[0], cp1[1], endpoint[0], endpoint[1]); ctx.stroke(); ctx.linewidth = 1; ctx.strokestyle = "red"; var points = [startpoint, endpoint, cp1]; for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) { drawpoint(points[i]); } drawline(startpoint, cp1); drawline(endpoint, cp1); } function drawpoint(point) { ctx.beginpath(); ctx.strokerect(point[0] -2, point[1] -2, 4, 4); } function drawline(from, to) { ctx.beginpath(); ctx.moveto(from[0], from[1]); ctx.lineto(to[0], to[1]); ctx.stroke(); } </script>
4)创建剪辑区域
clip()——创建新的裁剪区域;
<canvas id="canvas7" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> var ctx7=document.getelementbyid("canvas7").getcontext("2d"); ctx7.fillstyle="yellow"; ctx7.beginpath(); ctx7.rect(0,0,500,140); ctx7.fill(); ctx7.beginpath(); ctx7.rect(100,20,300,100); ctx7.clip(); ctx7.fillstyle="red"; ctx7.beginpath(); ctx7.rect(0,0,500,140); ctx7.fill(); </script>
5)绘制文本:
filltext(<text>,x,y,width)——在位置(x,y)上绘制并填充文本。宽度参数可选,用来设置文本宽度的上限;
stroketext(<text>,x,y,width)——在位置(x,y)上绘制并描边文本。宽度参数可选,用来设置文本宽度的上限;
font——设置绘制文本时使用的字体;
textalign——设置文本的对齐方式:start、end、left、right、center;
textbaseline——设置文本的基线:top、hanging、middle、alphabetic、ideographic、bottom;
6)使用特效和转换:
6.1)使用阴影:
shadowblur——设置阴影的模糊程度;
shadowcolor——设置阴影的颜色;
shadowoffsetx——设置阴影的水平偏移量;
shadowoffsety——设置阴影的垂直偏移量;
<canvas id="canvas8" width="500" height="140"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //给图形和文本应用阴影 var ctx8=document.getelementbyid("canvas8").getcontext("2d"); ctx8.fillstyle="lightgrey"; ctx8.strokestyle="black"; ctx8.linewidth=3; ctx8.shadowoffsetx=5; ctx8.shadowoffsety=5; ctx8.shadowblur=5; ctx8.shadowcolor="grey"; ctx8.beginpath(); ctx8.arc(420,70,50,0,math.pi,true); ctx8.stroke(); ctx8.beginpath(); ctx8.arc(420,80,40,0,math.pi,false); ctx8.fill(); ctx8.font="100px sans-serif"; ctx8.filltext("hello",50,100); ctx8.stroketext("hello",50,100); </script>
6.2)使用透明度:
globalalpha——给文本和图形设置透明度(从0到1);
<canvas id="canvas9" width="300" height="120"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //使用globalalpha属性,设置透明度 var ctx9=document.getelementbyid("canvas9").getcontext("2d"); ctx9.fillstyle="lightgrey"; ctx9.strokestyle="black"; ctx9.linewidth=3; ctx9.font="100px sans-serif"; ctx9.filltext("hello",10,100); ctx9.stroketext("hello",10,100); ctx9.fillstyle="red"; ctx9.globalalpha=0.5; ctx9.fillrect(10,10,240,100); </script>
6.3)使用合成:
globalcompositeoperation——与透明度属性结合使用,来控制图形和文本在画布上绘制的方式;
globalcompositeoperation允许的值:
=copy——将来源绘制于目标之上,忽略一切透明度设置;
=source-atop——在两个图像都不透明处显示来源图像,
目标图像不透明但来源图像透明处显示目标图像,其它位置显示为透明;
=source-in——来源图像和目标图像都不透明处显示来源图像。其它位置显示为透明;
=source-out——来源图像不透明但目标图像透明处显示来源图像。其它位置显示为透明;
=source-over——来源图像不透明处显示来源图像。其它位置显示目标图像;
=destination-atop——与source-atop相同,但用目标图像替代来源图像,反之亦然;
=destination-in——与source-in相同,但用目标图像替代来源图像,反之亦然;
=destination-over——与source-over相同,但用目标图像替代来源图像,反之亦然;
=destination-out——与source-out相同,但用目标图像替代来源图像,反之亦然;
=lighter——显示来源图像与目标图像的总和,颜色值限制最高255(100%);
=xor——对来源图像和目标图像执行异或运算;
<canvas id="canvas10" width="300" height="120"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas> <label>comosition value:</label> <select id="list"> <option>copy</option> <option>destination-atop</option> <option>destination-in</option> <option>destination-over</option> <option>destination-out</option> <option>lighter</option> <option>source-atop</option> <option>source-in</option> <option>source-out</option> <option>source-over</option> <option>xor</option> </select>
<script> //使用globalcompositeoperation属性 var ctx10=document.getelementbyid("canvas10").getcontext("2d"); ctx10.fillstyle="lightgrey"; ctx10.strokestyle="black"; ctx10.linewidth=3; var compval="copy"; document.getelementbyid("list").onchange=function(e){ compval= e.target.value; draw(); } draw(); function draw(){ ctx10.clearrect(0,0,300,120); ctx10.globalalpha=1.0; ctx10.font="100px sans-serif"; ctx10.filltext("hello",10,100); ctx10.stroketext("hello",10,100); ctx10.globalcompositeoperation=compval; ctx10.fillstyle="red"; ctx10.globalalpha=0.5; ctx10.fillrect(100,10,150,100); } </script>
6.4)使用变换:
scale(<xscale>,<yscale>)——沿x轴缩放画布xscale倍,沿y轴yscale倍;
rotate(<angle>)——使画布围绕点(0,0)顺时针旋转指定的弧度数;
translate(<x>,<y>)——重映射画布坐标为沿x轴x,沿y轴y;
transform(a,b,c,d,e,f)——合并现有的变换和a-f值所指定的矩阵;
settansform(a,b,c,d,e,f)——用a-f值所指定的矩阵替换现有的变换;
<canvas id="canvas11" width="400" height="200"> 您的浏览器不支持<code>canvas</code>! </canvas>
<script> //使用变换 var ctx11=document.getelementbyid("canvas11").getcontext("2d"); ctx11.fillstyle="lightgrey"; ctx11.strokestyle="black"; ctx11.linewidth=3; ctx11.clearrect(0,0,300,120); ctx11.globalalpha=1.0; ctx11.font="100px sans-serif"; ctx11.filltext("hello",10,100); ctx11.stroketext("hello",10,100); ctx11.scale(1.3,1.3); ctx11.translate(100,-50); ctx11.rotate(0.5); ctx11.fillstyle="red"; ctx11.globalalpha=0.5; ctx11.fillrect(100,10,150,100); ctx11.strokerect(0,0,300,200); </script>
以上就是html5之canvas进阶的代码详解(图)的详细内容。
