承保风险范围是b、c条款与a条款最主要的区别。a条款是一切险条款，所以不需要列明承保的具体风险种类，b,c条款以列明的风险为承保范围。但是，a、b、c条款在承保风险部分的共同海损条款和“双方有责碰撞”条款是相同的。
institute cargo clauses(b):risks clause
1 this insurance covers,except as provided in clauses 4,5,6 and 7 below,
1.1 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured reasonably attributable to
1.1.1 fire or explosion
1.1.2 vessel or craft being stranded grounded sunk or capsized
1.1.3 overturning or derailment of land conveyance
1.1.4 collision or contact of vessel craft or conveyance with any external objectother than water
1.1.5 discharge of cargo at a port of distress
1.1.6 earthquake volcanic eruption or lightning
1.2 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by
1.2.1 general average sacrifice
1.2.2 jettison or washing overboard
1.2.3 entry of sea lake or river water into vessel craft hold conveyance containerliftvan or place of storage
1.3 total loss of any package lost overboard or dropped whilst loading on to,orunloading from,vessel or craft.
协会b条款风险条款分三款：
第1款承保的风险：火灾或爆炸：船舶或驳船搁浅、擦浅、沉没或倾覆；路上运输工具的倾覆或出轨；船舶、驳船或运输工具与水以外的任何外部物体碰撞或触碰；在避难港卸货；地震、火山爆发或闪电，被保险人只须证明这些风险是造成损失的有效原因即可。
第2款承保的风险：共同海损牺牲；抛弃或浪击落水；海水、湖水或河水进入船舶、驳船、船舱、运输工具、集装箱、托盘或储藏处所，被保险人须按“近因原则”举证。
第3款承保装上或卸离船舶或驳船过程中掉落或从船上落入水中而发生的整件货物的全损。只要风险发生在装卸和航行过程中，整件货物落水，即可索赔，不论损失发生原因。
institute cargo clauses(c)risks clause
1.this insurance covers,except as provided in clauses 4,5,6 and 7 below,
1.1 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured reasonable attributable to
1.1.1 fire or explosion
1.1.2 vessel or craft being stranded grounded sunk or capsized
1.1.3 overturning or derailment of land conveyance
1.1.4 collision or contact of vessel craft or conveyance with any external objectother than water
1.1.5 discharge of cargo at a port of distress,
1.2 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by
1.2.1 general average sacrifice
1.2.2jettison
协会b、c条款的区别也在于承保风险。协会c条款与协会b条款相比，少了四项承保风险：
(1)地震、火山爆发或闪电。
(2)浪击落水，
(3)海水、湖水或河水进入船舶、驳船、船舱、运输工具、集装箱、托盘或储藏处所。
(4)装上或卸离船舶、驳船过程中从船上落入水中或坠落而损失的整件货物的全损。
2.除外责任
与协会a条款相比，协会b、c条款多了一项约定除外责任；任何人的错误行为对保险标的或其组成部分的蓄意损害或蓄意毁坏不保。也就是说，协会b、c条款中，保险人不负责赔偿船员或他人盗卖、纵火、凿船等蓄意行为造成的损失，却在协会a条款的承保范围内。旧的协会货物罢工险条款承保“恶意损害”,但新的货物罢工险条款不予承保。在投保协会b、c条款时，可以通过加保“协会恶意损害条款”(institute maliciousdamage clause)来承保这一风险。
海盗(piracy)风险只有协会a条款作为水险(marine risk)承保，而协会b、c条款和战争险都不承保。