mysql入门学习之八：数据库及表的基本操作
相关链接：
mysql入门学习之一：基本操作
http:///database/201212/173868.html
mysql入门学习之二：使用正则表达式搜索
http:///database/201212/173869.html
mysql入门学习之三：全文本搜索
http:///database/201212/173873.html
mysql入门学习之四：mysql的数据类型
http:///database/201212/175536.html
mysql入门学习之五：mysql的字符集
http:///database/201212/175541.html
mysql入门学习之六：mysql的运算符
http:///database/201212/175862.html
mysql入门学习之七：mysql常用函数
http:///database/201212/175864.html
一、操作数据库
1、查看数据库
show databases [ like ''];
示例：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| luomian |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| net80576314 |
| phpcms_uat |
| phpcmsv9 |
| phpcmsv9_new |
| rutiao |
| szwalkers |
| test |
| v9test1 |
+--------------------+
mysql> show databases like 'php%';
+-----------------+
| database (php%) |
+-----------------+
| phpcms_uat |
| phpcmsv9 |
| phpcmsv9_new |
+-----------------+
2、创建数据库
create database [if not exists] dbname;
示例：
mysql> create database if not exists mydb;
3、选择需要的数据库
use dbname
示例：
mysql> use mydb;
database changed
4、删除数据库
drop database [if exists] dbname;
示例：
mysql> drop database if exists mydb;
二、操作表
1、显示表
show tables;
示例：
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| tables_in_test |
+-----------------------+
| newname |
| productnotes |
| test_char |
| test_inn |
| test_inn2 |
| test_priority |
| test_trans |
| test_view |
+-----------------------+
2、创建表
示例：
mysql> create table user(
-> id int(10) not null auto_increment primary key,
-> name varchar(50) default 'n/a' not null,
-> sex char(1) null
-> )engine=inndb;
3、复制表
示例：
mysql> create table student select * from user;
mysql> create table teacher like user;
4、重命名表
mysql> rename table teacher to senior_teacher;
mysql> alter table student rename to senior_student;
5、删除表
mysql> drop table if exists senior_teacher;
6、查看创建表语句
mysql> show create table student;
+---------+-------------------------------------
| table | create table
+---------+-------------------------------------
| student | create table `student` (
`id` int(10) not null default '0',
`name` varchar(50) not null default 'n/a',
`sex` char(1) default null
) engine=myisam default charset=latin1 |
+---------+-------------------------------------
7、查看表结构
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(10) | no | | 0 | |
| name | varchar(50) | no | | n/a | |
| sex | char(1) | yes | | null | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8、修改表结构
mysql> alter table student add bithday date null;
mysql> alter table student modify bithday datetime;
mysql> alter table student change bithday birt datetime;
mysql> alter table student drop column bithday;
9、操作表中的数据
mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+---------------------+
| id | name | sex | birt |
+----+------+------+---------------------+
| 0 | jack | 1 | 2012-12-13 00:00:00 |
+----+------+------+---------------------+
mysql> insert into senior_student select * from student;
mysql> insert into student(name,sex,birt) values('jack','1',current_date());
mysql> update student set sex = 0 where name = 'jack';
mysql> delete from student where name = 'jack';
10、创建及查看索引
mysql> create index idx_student_name on student(name);
mysql> show index from student;
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| table | non_unique | key_name | seq_in_index | column_name | collation | cardinality | sub_part | packed | null | index_type | comment |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| student | 1 | idx_student_name | 1 | name | a | null | null | null | | btree | |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
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