使用爬虫抓取数据时，经常要用到多个ip代理，防止单个ip访问太过频繁被封禁。
ip代理可以从这个网站获取：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/。
因此写一个python程序来获取ip代理，保存到本地。
python版本：3.6.3
#grab ip proxies from xicidailiimport sys, time, re, requestsfrom multiprocessing.dummy import pool as threadpoolfrom lxml import etreeip_pool = 'ip_pool.py'url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' #ip代理 高匿#url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/' #ip代理 httprun_time = time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m", time.localtime()) #执行时间#用字典存放有效ip代理alive_ip = {'http': [], 'https': []}#多线程pool = threadpool(20)#返回html文本def get_html(url): headers = { "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64; rv:55.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/55.0", "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", "accept-language": "zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3", "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate", "referer": "https://www.xicidaili.com/", "connection": "keep-alive", "upgrade-insecure-requests": "1" } r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) r.encoding = 'utf-8' return r.text#测试ip代理是否存活def test_alive(proxy): global alive_ip proxies = {'http': proxy} try: r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=3) if r.status_code == 200: if proxy.startswith('https'): alive_ip['https'].append(proxy) else: alive_ip['http'].append(proxy) except: print("%s无效!"%proxy)#解析html文本，获取ip代理def get_alive_ip_address(): iplist = [] html = get_html(url) selector = etree.html(html) table = selector.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]')[0] lines = table.xpath('./tr')[1:] for line in lines: speed, connect_time = line.xpath('.//div/@title') data = line.xpath('./td') ip = data[1].xpath('./text()')[0] port = data[2].xpath('./text()')[0] anonymous = data[4].xpath('./text()')[0] ip_type = data[5].xpath('./text()')[0] #过滤掉速度慢和非高匿的ip代理 if float(speed[:-1])>1 or float(connect_time[:-1])>1 or anonymous != '高匿': continue iplist.append(ip_type.lower() + '://' + ip + ':' + port) pool.map(test_alive, iplist)#把抓取到的有效ip代理写入到本地def write_txt(output_file): with open(output_file, 'w') as f: f.write('#create time: %s\n\n' % run_time) f.write('http_ip_pool = \\\n') f.write(str(alive_ip['http']).replace(',', ',\n')) f.write('\n\n') with open(output_file, 'a') as f: f.write('https_ip_pool = \\\n') f.write(str(alive_ip['https']).replace(',', ',\n')) print('write successful: %s' % output_file)def main(): get_alive_ip_address() write_txt(output_file)if __name__ == '__main__': try: output_file = sys.argv[1] #第一个参数作为文件名 except: output_file = ip_pool main()
运行程序：
root@c:test$ python get_ip_proxies.pywrite successful: ip_pool.py
查看文件：
root@c:test$ vim ip_pool.py
#create time: 2019-03-14 19:53http_ip_pool = \['http://183.148.152.1:9999', 'http://112.85.165.234:9999', 'http://112.87.69.162:9999', 'http://111.77.197.10:9999', 'http://113.64.94.80:8118', 'http://61.184.109.33:61320', 'http://125.126.204.82:9999', 'http://125.126.218.8:9999', 'http://36.26.224.56:9999', 'http://123.162.168.192:40274', 'http://116.209.54.125:9999', 'http://183.148.148.211:9999', 'http://111.177.161.111:9999', 'http://116.209.58.245:9999', 'http://183.148.143.38:9999', 'http://116.209.55.218:9999', 'http://114.239.250.15:9999', 'http://116.209.54.109:9999', 'http://125.123.143.98:9999', 'http://183.6.130.6:8118', 'http://183.148.143.166:9999', 'http://125.126.203.228:9999', 'http://111.79.198.74:9999', 'http://116.209.53.215:9999', 'http://112.87.69.124:9999', 'http://112.80.198.13:8123', 'http://182.88.160.16:8123', 'http://116.209.56.24:9999', 'http://112.85.131.25:9999', 'http://116.209.52.234:9999', 'http://175.165.128.223:1133', 'http://122.4.47.199:8010', 'http://112.85.170.204:9999', 'http://49.86.178.206:9999', 'http://125.126.215.187:9999']https_ip_pool = \['https://183.148.156.98:9999', 'https://111.79.199.167:808', 'https://61.142.72.150:39894', 'https://119.254.94.71:42788', 'https://221.218.102.146:33323', 'https://122.193.246.29:9999', 'https://183.148.139.173:9999', 'https://60.184.194.157:3128', 'https://118.89.138.129:52699', 'https://112.87.71.67:9999', 'https://58.56.108.226:43296', 'https://182.207.232.135:50465', 'https://111.177.186.32:9999', 'https://58.210.133.98:32741', 'https://115.221.116.71:9999', 'https://183.148.140.191:9999', 'https://183.148.130.143:9999', 'https://116.209.54.84:9999', 'https://125.126.219.125:9999', 'https://112.85.167.158:9999', 'https://112.85.173.76:9999', 'https://60.173.244.133:41306', 'https://183.148.147.223:9999', 'https://116.209.53.68:9999', 'https://111.79.198.102:9999', 'https://123.188.5.11:1133', 'https://60.190.66.131:56882', 'https://112.85.168.140:9999', 'https://110.250.65.108:8118', 'https://221.208.39.160:8118', 'https://116.209.53.77:9999', 'https://116.209.58.29:9999', 'https://183.148.141.129:9999', 'https://124.89.33.59:53281', 'https://116.209.57.149:9999', 'https://58.62.238.150:32431', 'https://218.76.253.201:61408']
之后就可以直接使用了
from ip_pool import http_ip_pool, https_ip_pool
以上就是python爬虫批量抓取ip代理的方法（代码）的详细内容。