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oracle rac安装完毕后，监听、tnsname.ora按照oracle默认配置好后，在服务器端用sqlplus连接没有问题，但是用客户端连接，会出现有时候连不上的错误，解决方法：
1、修改监听文件，增加sid_list_listener，两台机器都要修改，修改完毕后如下：
listener_orcl1 =
(description_list =
(description =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.1)(port = 1521))
)
)
)
sid_list_listener_orcl1 =
(sid_list =
(sid_desc =
(oracle_home = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0)
(sid_name = ora1)
)
)
2、修改tnsname.ora，两台机器都要修改，例如第一台机器：
用oracle的netca配置的时候，只配置了一个监听listeners_orcl，手工增加另外两个监听。
listener_orcl2 =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.2)(port = 1521))
)
listener_orcl1 =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.1)(port = 1521))
)
listeners_orcl =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.2)(port = 1521))
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.1)(port = 1521))
)
orcl1 =
(description =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.1)(port = 1521))
)
(connect_data =
(service_name = orcl)
)
)
orcl2 =
(description =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.2)(port = 1521))
)
(connect_data =
(service_name = orcl)
)
)
orcl =
(description =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.1)(port = 1521))
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.0.2)(port = 1521))
(load_balance = yes)
)
(connect_data =
(server = dedicated)
(service_name = orcl)
)
)
3、修改pfile，将两个本地监听设置上。
可以先导出一份spfile，修改完毕后再导入pfile。增加以下三行：
*.local_listener='listener_orcl'
ora1.local_listener='listener_orcl1'
ora2.local_listener='listener_orcl2'
另外，在启动oralce时，出现ora-32006的错误，数据库倒是起来能用。到网上搜索一通，说是oracle10g以后将*.log_archive_start=true 这个参数去掉了，把这行从spfile中删除了，再启动没有报错。是否真的不需要这个参数，还需要再确认。
4、oracle驱动
经测试发现，在oracle rac环境下，如果down掉一个实例，应用出现以下错误：
io 异常: software caused connection abort: socket write error
org.apache.cocoon.processingexception: error on execute servlet:login: javax.servlet.servletexception: error on execute servlet:login
cause: java.sql.sqlexception: io 异常: software caused connection abort: socket write error
经反复测试，确定原因是oracle的驱动ojdbc14.jar没有放到web-inf/lib下的原因。此启动在公共lib下，必须copy到当前工程下，才能实现fail-over的自动切换.
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