1、什么是游标
游标是一种pl/sql控制结构,可以对sql语句进行显示控制,便于对表的数据逐条进行处理
2、游标分类
显示游标: declared and named by the programmer
隐式游标: declared for all dml and pl/sql select statements
3、游标的属性:
%found:evaluates to true if the most recent sql statement affects one or more rows
%notfound:和%found相反
%isopen:是一个布尔值,如果游标打开,则为true, 如果游标关闭,则为false.对于隐式游标而言sql%isopen总是false,这是因为隐式游标在dml语句执行时打开,结束时就立即关闭。
%rowcount:number of records affected by the most recent sql statement
注意:dbms_output.put_line();这个是不能打印boolean型的,解决方法
if b then
dbms_output.put_line('b=true');
end if;
或者:
declare
b boolean;
begin
b := true;
dbms_output.put_line((case when b then 'true' else 'false' end));
end;
对于null,课先使用nvl()或者decode()处理
显示游标:需要手动open和close
例如:
declare
cursor mycursor is
select * from dept;
myrecord dept%rowtype;
begin
open mycursor;
fetch mycursor into myrecord;
while mycursor%found loop
dbms_output.put_line(myrecord.deptno||' '||myrecord.dname||' '||myrecord.loc);
fetch mycursor into myrecord;
end loop;
close mycursor;
end;
注意:在进行while循环前,必须先有一个fetch..into操作,否者%found总是返 回false
带参数的游标:
declare
cursor mycursor(num varchar2) is
select * from dept where deptno=num;
myrecord dept%rowtype;
begin
open mycursor(10);
loop
fetch mycursor into myrecord;
exit when mycursor%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line('deptnum='||myrecord.deptno||' deptname='||myrecord.dname);
end loop;
close mycursor;
end;
for循环操作游标
使用for循环读取游标时,不需要显示申明变量用于接收结果,也不需要手动打开和关闭游标,例如:
declare
cursor mycursor(num varchar2) is
select * from dept where deptno=num;
begin
for cur in mycursor(10) loop
dbms_output.put_line('deptnum='||cur.deptno||' deptname='||cur.dname);
end loop;
end;
注意:pl/sql中参数只需要给出类型,不需要给出长度或精度。
当直接将游标的值读取到变量时,变量的个数应与游标指向的结果集的列数相同。例如结果集中有两个列,那么使用fetch....into 时对应的变量个数也应该有两个。
declare
d_no number;
d_name varchar2(10);
cursor mycursor(num varchar2) is
select deptno,dname from dept where deptno=num;
begin
open mycursor(10);
fetch mycursor into d_no,d_name;
loop
dbms_output.put_line(d_no||' '||d_name);
fetch mycursor into d_no,d_name;
exit when mycursor%notfound;
end loop;
close mycursor;
end;
/
%rowcount初始值为null,每当使用fetch...into从游标中取出一条数据后, rowcount的值加1,并不是标识结果集的行数。
例如:
declare
d_name varchar2(10);
cursor mycursor is
select dname from dept;
begin
open mycursor;
loop
fetch mycursor into d_name;
exit when mycursor%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(mycursor%rowcount);
end loop;
close mycursor;
end;
结果集中有4行记录,输出结果为:1 2 3 4
可更新数据的游标
要想在使用游标的同时修改数据,需要在申明游标时加上for update关键字。
例如:
declare
d_name varchar2(20);
cursor mycursor is
select dname from dept for update;
begin
open mycursor;
loop
fetch mycursor into d_name;
exit when mycursor%notfound;
update dept set dname=rtrim(dname,'_t') where current of mycursor;
end loop;
close mycursor;
end;
current of+游标名:获取游标当前所指向的行
rtrim(dname,'_t'):ltrim、rtrim实现字符串过滤(不仅仅去除空格)
隐式游标:不使用declare显示申明的游标。
例如:
begin
for cur in(select dname from dept) loop
dbms_output.put_line(cur.dname);
end loop;
end;
1、含有参数的游标
declare
cursor cur_my (mv number) is * from person where nobegin
for tem in cur_my(4) loop
dbms_output.put_line('name:'||tem.name);
end loop;
end;
2、设置引用游标
declare
temp_row person%rowtype;
type my_type is ref cursor;
cur_my my_type;
begin
open cur_my for 'select * from person ';
loop
fetch cur_my into temp_row;
exit when cur_my%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line('name:'||temp_row.name);
end loop;
close cur_my;
end;
3、for loop循环游标
declare
v_id integer;
v_name varchar2(50);
v_age integer;
cursor cur_mycursor is select id,name,age from users;
begin
for temp in cur_mycursor loop
v_id :=temp.id;
v_name :=temp.name;
v_age :=temp.age;
dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
end loop;
/**dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursor%rowcount||'条!');*/
end;
4、标准化loop循环游标
declare
v_id integer;
v_name varchar2(50);
v_age integer;
cursor cur_mycursors is select id,name,age from users;
begin
open cur_mycursors;
dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');
loop
fetch cur_mycursors into v_id,v_name,v_age;
dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
if cur_mycursors%notfound then
exit;
end if;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');
close cur_mycursors;
end;