omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
use an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't = amount
cont'd = continued
gov't = government
educat'l = educational
form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
use g to represent ing endings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
& = and
w/ = with
w/o = without
vs = against
\ = therefore
= = is or equal
use technical symbols where applicable.
o = degrees
h2o = water
more reference:
use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols.
examples:
+ plus
// parallel