摘要：指出了工业循环冷却水中结垢问题对冷却水系统的影响很大，阻垢分散剂的研究与运用已经成为必不可少的部分。总结了工业循环冷却水系统常用阻垢剂的研究现状，提出了阻垢分散剂的发展方向。
关键词：工业循环冷却水系统；阻垢分散剂；聚合物
循环冷却水是石油化工、电力、钢铁、冶金等行业的用水大项，我国当前工业用水量约占城市总用水量的６０％以上，而整个工业用水量中的７０％ ～８０％ 是来自工业循环冷却 水用量。
循环冷却水在使用时会产生以下问题：界面结垢、金属腐蚀、污染和微生物繁殖。当循环冷却水系统产生以上问题时，设备的正常、安稳运行就存在大的隐患，热交换效率降低，造成了能源的浪费，威胁正常生 产，为了解决这一问题便需要对循环水进行适当的处理。
阻垢分散剂是一类重要的水处理化学产品，广泛应用于循环冷却水，锅炉用水，反渗透膜用水，油井注水等工业用水中，能去除和阻止水垢的形成，提高热交换效率，减少电能或减少燃料的消耗；此外，还可减少排污，提高水的利用率，符合节能减排的要求。
阻垢分散剂能分散水中的难溶性无机盐、阻止或干扰难溶性无机盐在金属表面的沉淀、结垢 功能，并维持金属设备有良好的传热效果。
常见的阻垢分散剂分为：无机磷酸盐类阻垢分散剂；有机膦酸盐类阻垢分散剂；聚合物阻垢分散剂。
常用的无机磷酸盐阻垢分散剂有三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠。但由于无机磷酸盐易水解，水解后形成新的磷酸钙垢。同时需补加额外酸，其中的磷排入水中会加速藻类的繁殖，造成水体富营养化。因此，在循环冷却水系统中这类阻垢分散剂已经被淘汰，被复合磷酸盐配方、有机磷酸盐和其他低磷或者无磷阻垢分散剂所取代。
有机膦酸盐类是一类分子中的膦酸基团直接与碳原子相连的阻垢分散剂，种类很多，根据分子结构的类型分类。化学性质更稳定，与无机磷酸盐类阻垢分散剂相比，具有良好的稳定性、不易水解、耐高温，含磷量低，阻垢效果好，同时有明显的溶限效应，能够与其他类型阻垢剂复配，能有效提高阻垢效果。对许多金属离子有良好的螯合作用，甚至对氧化铁的水合物、成垢盐份等也有很好的控制作用。
聚合物阻垢分散剂是一类相对分子质量很大的高分子化合物，包括均聚物、二元共聚物和三元共聚物。其中二元共聚物和三元共聚物分别同时含有２、３个功能性官能团，兼具阻垢、分散、凝聚、增溶等多种功能，能满足较为复杂的水质条件，适用于更多生产要求。
根据水质情况，选择合适自己的污水处理药剂。药剂没有更好的，只有更适合的。
参考资料：工业循环冷却水系统中阻垢分散剂的研究现状——张晓晶，张冰如
产品英文详情介绍
abstract: point out some of the industrial cooling water fouling problems a great impact on cooling water system, research and application dispersor has become essential. summarizes the research status of scale inhibitors commonly used for industrial cooling water system, it puts forward the development direction of the scale dispersant. more than 60% of the polymer is circulating cooling water in petrochemical, power, steel, metallurgy and other industries of water for major items of china's current industrial water consumption of the total water consumption in the city; industrial cooling water system; scale dispersant keywords: , the entire industrial water 70% to 80% from the amount of industrial cooling water. circulating cooling water during use will have the following problems: the interface scale, metal corrosion, contamination and microbial propagation. when the circulating cooling water system to produce the above problems, normal equipment, stable operation there is a large risk, reduce the heat exchange efficiency, resulting in a waste of energy, the threat of normal production, in order to solve this problem will need to be properly recycled water deal with. scale inhibitor and dispersant are an important class of water treatment chemicals, widely used in circulating cooling water, boiler water, reverse osmosis water, industrial water and water injection wells, to remove and prevent the formation of scale, improving the heat exchange efficiency, reducing energy or fuel consumption reduction; in addition, may reduce emissions, improve water use efficiency, to meet the requirements of energy saving. insoluble scale dispersant capable of dispersing in water an inorganic salt, prevent or interfere with the precipitation of poorly soluble inorganic salt of a metal surface, scaling function, the device and maintain a good metallic heat transfer. common scale inhibitor and dispersant into: inorganic phosphate based scale dispersant; organic phosphonates, hedp; polymeric scale dispersant. conventional inorganic phosphate scale inhibitor and dispersant with a sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate. however, since the inorganic phosphate susceptible to hydrolysis, after hydrolysis to form a new calcium phosphate. while for an additional extra acid, phosphorus into the water which will accelerate the growth of algae resulting in eutrophication. thus, the circulating cooling water system such scale dispersant has been eliminated, is substituted with a phosphate compound formulation, organic phosphates and other phosphorus or non-phosphorus scale dispersant. organic phosphonates, hedp is a class of molecules with phosphonic acid group is directly bonded to carbon atoms, many types, classified according to the type of molecular structure. more stable chemical properties, as compared with inorganic phosphate scale dispersant, has good stability, not hydrolysis, high temperature, low phosphorus content, good scale inhibition, while significant threshold effects, it is possible with other inhibitors type compound, can effectively improve the scale inhibition effect. there are many good chelation of metal ions, even iron oxide hydrate, salt scale formation, also have very good control. scale dispersant polymer is a class of large molecular weight polymers, including homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers. wherein the copolymers and terpolymers are also contains a functional group 2,3, both scale, dispersion, aggregation, solubilization and other functions, to meet the more complex water conditions, more suitable for the production of claim. according to water quality, choose the right sewage treatment pharmacy. pharmacy no better, only more suitable. references: research on industrial cooling water system dispersor - xiaojing, zhang bing as
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