【预期用途】 这个elisa试剂盒是用来对血清、血浆、细胞培养上清液、组织提取液以及尿液中的人胎球蛋白a也叫做α-2-heremans-schmid糖蛋白（α2–heremans- schmid glycoprotein,ahsg）的浓度进行定量检测。可以通过对胎球蛋白a的检测来诊断某些癌症和血清蛋白的基因遗传缺陷。血清胎球蛋白a下降是体内炎症的重要指标，并与冠状动脉硬化和心脏钙化密切相关；尿液胎球蛋白a与肾功能相关。该胎球蛋白酶免试剂盒仅供实验研究使用。 【生理学简介】胎球蛋白a也叫做α-2-heremans-schmid糖蛋白，它的分子量是59kda，拥有两个氨基末端半胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制因子和一个较小的羧基末端区域。胎球蛋白a通过肝脏合成，分泌到血液中。一般来说，成人血液中胎球蛋白a的浓度范围为0.5-1.0g/l。在胎儿体内，血清中胎球蛋白a呈现出高浓度。它会参与蛋白酶抑制活动以及钙代谢和骨生成的相关活动。胎球蛋白a在骨骼和牙齿中积累，是生物学上的非胶原骨蛋白成分的主要部分。经研究证明，胎球蛋白a会阻止钙沉淀，是循环过程中的最主要的钙化抑制剂。最近的研究表明，尿毒症、血液透析患者的胎球蛋白a的浓度比正常健康人的低。肾功能衰竭患者的胎球蛋白a浓度低与心血管死亡率增高相关。另一方面，老年血清胎球蛋白a增高，更易患糖尿病，它是一个独特的胰岛素灵敏度下降指标。甚至，有科研结果表明高胎球蛋白a浓度可以作为心血管疾病患者的一个独立指标。【检验原理】 这个elisa的设计，研发和生产的目的是对血清中人胎球蛋白a进行定量检验。该试剂盒是基于运用两种特定羊抗人胎球蛋白a多抗与人胎球蛋白a的不同抗原表位结合的“双位点夹心”技术。将标准品、质控品、和含胎球蛋白a的预稀释的的病人血清样本加入到高度亲和性的羊抗人胎球蛋白a抗体包被的微孔板中。经过第一个保温孵育期后，人胎球蛋白a被微孔板内壁的抗体吸附住，而各个孔中的游离蛋白质被冲走。随后，hrp标记的多抗抗人胎球蛋白a抗体加入到各个孔中，形成了“捕捉抗体-人胎球蛋白a-hrp标记示踪抗体”的“双位点夹心”结构。游离的示踪抗体在随后的清洗过程中被冲走。hrp标记的示踪抗体被吸附到微孔板的内壁，在3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺（tmb）和过氧化氢的混合基质溶液中经过一段时间的反应，测量吸光度。微孔板内壁的胎球蛋白a与示踪抗体连结的酶活性与样本中胎球蛋白a的浓度直接成正比例。根据标准品中不同的胎球蛋白a的浓度的吸光度，按照“点到点”或者“体积比例”绘制标准曲线，待测样品中胎球蛋白a的浓度可以直接从标准曲线按测量到的吸光度得到。【组成成分】 1. 胎球蛋白a抗体包被的微孔板：1块×96个 2. 胎球蛋白a示踪抗体：1瓶×0.6ml 3. 示踪抗体稀释液：1瓶×12ml 4. 胎球蛋白a检测浓缩缓冲液：1瓶×11ml 5. elisa 浓缩洗涤液，30x ：1瓶×20ml 6. elisa hrp基质：1瓶×12ml 7. elisa终止液：1瓶×12ml 8. 胎球蛋白a标准品：5瓶 9. 胎球蛋白a质控品：2瓶【应用本试剂盒已发表的文献】 1. stenvinkel p, wang k, qureshiar, axelsson j, pecoits-filho r, gao p, barany p, lindholm b, jogestrand t,heimbürger o, holmes c, schalling m, nordfors l. low fetuin-alevels areassociated with cardiovascular death: impact of variations in thegene encoding fetuin.kidney int.2005 jun;67(6):2383-92. 2. wang ay, woo j, lam cw, wang m, chan ih, gaop, lui sf, li pk, sanderson je.associationsof serum fetuin-a with malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis and valvularcalcification syndrome and outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients.nephrol dial transplant. 2005aug;20(8):1676-85. 3. sato h, kazama jj, wada y, kuroda t, naritai, gejyo f, gao p, yamashita h. decreasedlevels of circulating alpha2-heremans-schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-a (ahsg) inpatients withrheumatoid arthritis.internmed. 2007;46(20):1685-91. epub 2007 oct 15. 4. lehtinen ab, burdon kp, lewis jp, langefeld cd, ziegler jt, rich ss, register tc, carr jj, freedman bi, bowden dw.association of alpha2-heremans-schmid glycoprotein polymorphisms withsubclinical atherosclerosis. j clin endocrinolmetab. 2007 jan;92(1):345-52. epub 2006 oct 24 5. lim p, collet jp, moutereau s,guigui n, mitchell-heggs l, loric s, bernard m, benhamed s, montalescot g, randé jl, guéret p. fetuin-a is an independent predictor of death after st-elevationmyocardial infarction. clin chem.2007oct;53(10):1835-40. epub 2007 aug 16 6. ix jh,wassel cl, kanaya am, vittinghoff e, johnson kc, koster a, cauley ja, harristb, cummings sr, shlipak mg; health abc study. fetuin-a andincidentdiabetes mellitus in older persons.jama. 2008 jul 9;300(2):182-8. 7. ix jh, wassel cl, bauer dc, toroian d, tylavsky fa, cauley ja, harris tb, price pa, cummings sr, shlipak mg; for the health abcstudy. fetuin-a and bone mineral density in olderpersons: the health aging and body composition (health abc) study. j bone minerres. 2008 nov 18. 8. giulia bivona, chiara bellia, antoniettacaruso,daniela butera, bruna lo sasso, patrizia altavilla, rosa c. carollo,gaia chiarello andmarcello ciaccio. low serum fetuin a levels and cardiovascular events in end-stage renaldisease (esrd) patients.research journal of medical sciences 2 (4): 200-202,2008 9. mario cozzolinoa, andrea galassia,maria luisa biondib, olivia turrib, sergio papagnic,nicola mongellic, luigi civitac, mauriziogallienia,diego brancaccioa serumfetuin-a levels link inflammation and cardiovascular calcification inhemodialysis patients. am j nephrol 2006;26:423-429 10. g. metry, p. stenvinkel,a. r. qureshi,j.j. carrero,m. i. yilmaz,p. bárány,s. snaedal,o. heimbürger,b. lindholm and m. e. suliman low serum fetuin-a concentration predictspoor outcome only in the presence of inflammation in prevalenthaemodialysispatients. europeanjournal of clinical investigation 2008;38(11):804 - 811 11. doris hendig,veronika schulz, marius arndt, christiane szliska, knut kleesiek, and christiango¨ tting1. roleof serum fetuin-a, a major inhibitor of systemiccalcification, in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. clin chem 2006;52:227-234 12. g.marhaug, v. shah, r. shroff, h. varsani, l. r. wedderburn, c. a. pilkingtonand p. a. brogan. age-dependentinhibition of ectopic calcification: a possible role for fetuin-a andosteopontin in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis with calcinosis.rheumatology 200847(7):1031-1037 13. marcello ciaccio, et al. changes in serum fetuin-a and inflammatory markers levels in end-stagerenal disease (esrd): effect of a single session haemodialysis. clin chem labmed2008;46:212–214 14. j. j. carrero, p. stenvinkel,b. fellström,a. r. qureshi,k. lamb , o. heimbürger, p. bárány, k. radhakrishnan, b. lindholm,i. soveri,l. nordfors & p. g. shiels. telomereattrition is associated withinflammation, low fetuin-a levels and high mortality in prevalent haemodialysispatients. journal ofinternal medicine 2007;263(3):302 – 312 15. c . fiore , g . celotta , g. politi , l . di pino, z . castelli , r . mangiafico , s . signorelli , p . pennisi . association of high alpha2-heremans–schmidglycoprotein/fetuin concentration in serum and intima-media thicknessinpatients with atherosclerotic vasculardisease and low bone mass. atherosclerosis 2007;195:110-115. 16. sandro mazzaferro, marzia pasquali, francescopugliese, giusi barresi, iacopo carbone,marcofrancone, daniela sardella, franco taggi. serumlevels of calcification inhibition proteins and coronary artery calcium score:comparison between transplantation and dialysis. am j nephrol2007;27:75-83.
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